Another paper on the peopling of America (Maanasa Raghavan, et al., (2015) Genomic evidence for the Pleistocene and recent population history of Native Americans Science, 23 July 2015 / Page 1 / 10.1126/science.aab3884) proposes that "the ancestors of all present-day Native Americans, including Athabascans and Amerindians, entered the Americas as a single migration wave from Siberia no earlier than 23 thousand years ago (KYA), and after no more than 8,000-year isolation period in Beringia. Following their arrival to the Americas, ancestral Native Americans diversified into two basal genetic branches around 13 KYA, one that is now dispersed across North and South America and the other is restricted to North America."
No early peopling here, no ancient archaic Denisovans or pre-East Asians entering America long ago.
The founding populations were isolated in Beringia and then entered America and that is all there is to it!
But... they do recognize that some Native Americans are close to Austro-Melanesians:
"We found that some American populations, including the Aleutian Islanders, Surui, and Athabascans are closer to Australo-Melanesians compared to other Native Americans, such as North American Ojibwa, Cree and Algonquin, and the South American Purepecha, Arhuaco and Wayuu (fig. S10). The Surui are, in fact, one of closest Native American populations to East Asians and Australo-Melanesians, the latter including Papuans, non-Papuan Melanesians, Solomon Islanders, and South East Asian hunter-gatherers such as Aeta (fig. S10).
We acknowledge that this observation is based on the analysis of a small fraction of the whole genome and SNP chip genotype datasets, especially for the Aleutian Islander data that is heavily masked due to recent admixture with Europeans (28), and that the trends in the data are weak.
Nonetheless, if it proves correct, these results suggest there may be a distant Old World signal related to Australo Melanesians and East Asians in some Native Americans. The widely scattered and differential affinity of Native Americans to the Australo-Melanesians, ranging from a strong signal in the Surui to much weaker signal in northern Amerindians such as Ojibwa, points to this gene flow occurring after the initial peopling by Native American ancestors."
So they recognize the strong links between Austro - Melanesians and Amerindians but suggest it happened after the peopling of America... and that the signal may be due to a limited analysis of the genome (the small sample tested by some statistical fluke gives a high relationship between both populations, but maybe a larger sample of the genome may yield a different outcome).
I find this conclusion rather odd: "The widely scattered and differential affinity of Native Americans to the Australo-Melanesians, ranging from a strong signal in the Surui to much weaker signal in northern Amerindians such as Ojibwa, points to this gene flow occurring after the initial peopling by Native American ancestors".
Odd because it can also be interpreted as follows: South American Natives have a higer signal of Austronesian genes because they are what is left of an ancient migration that was overwhelmed by East Asians in North America.
The tide of Siberian people replaced almost all Austronesian genes in North America and also in South America but those living in relative isolation in the Amazon retained some of the original genes...
Both (theirs and mine) theories explain the gradient (high in S. America - low in N. America) in the Austronesian genetic signal... so which is the best explanation?
Patagonian Monsters - Cryptozoology, Myths & legends in Patagonia Copyright 2009-2014 by Austin Whittall ©
The Australo - Melanesian (Negrito) could have and probably did sailed via the Kuroshio current and North Pacific current to reach mainland north America.
ReplyDeleteIt means that there was an upward; south to north migration; from Papua to Philippines, Taiwan, Japan and later a west to east migration; from Japan to both British Colombia region and California.
Some link Haida Gwaii to Polynesians (Polynesians are 20% to 30% Melanesian in genes); this could mean Haida Gwaii and Aleutian islands have the same Australo - Melanesian link. The Haida Gwaii canoe is similar to the Polynesian (Maoli - Maori) canoe.
Some of the Californian natives seem to have a link to Polynesians as well; especially the Chumash.
A theory is that the sewn-plank canoe called tomol is virtually the same as the Polynesian sewn-plank canoe.
The word tomol also tomolo / tomolo'o; is believed to be derived from the Polynesian word: 'tumu rakau' (tumu ra'au) for wood.
Yes, actually I wrote about the Chumash and the canoe people of Tierra del Fuego and mentioned the sewn plank canoe or Dalca:
Deletehttp://patagoniamonsters.blogspot.com.ar/2014/01/mtdna-d4h3a-haplogroup.html
The Americas have had three people settle them Asiatic, old Europeans and other islander people. Along with the environment shifting their abilities and looks
ReplyDeleteAre Austronesians closely related to Melanesians? The Ainu certainly look similar to the Australoids...
ReplyDeleteHello Ellis Deux, We have to keep in mind that the word Austronesian is used more to determine a language group which is theorized to have originated in Taiwan and mainland South China.
ReplyDeleteMelanesians are Papuans who speak an Austronesian language and in some cases had offspring with Austronesians (Taiwanese / Malays?).
So far it seems that there has been little mixing between the so-called Austronesians and Papuans; having said that, Polynesians (offspring of Austronesians?) are 20% to 30% Melanesian (Papuan related) on genes.
Australian Aboriginals, Papuans, Melanesians (Austrloids) have Denisovan DNA.
The Denisova cave were remains of the Denisova homonin is found is located in southwest Siberia; this could be seen as proof that Austroloids were present on mainland Asia before they (unmixed and mixed) were pushed out with most migrating (back migration?) towards the Australian continent and some perhaps unmixed Australoids migrated northwards via Taiwan, Japan towards Aleutian islands into mainland America.
Both in Taiwan and Japan there are also legends about
little black people who may well be Negrito in origin.
This 'paper' was shameless. 13 k means basically that the scientists (or so called) simply deny anything pre-Clovis in America. And this is in 2015, when Clovis first was cleary oudated, and Monte Verde already known: how hell they could say 13k while M.Verde was atleast 15k? Absurd. And the explainations about the strange austromelanesians genes is even more fancy; after the main flow, and not before. Double absurd, nothing more than a witchcraft made by 'genetist experts'.
ReplyDelete